Another Year For The Yazidis
April 19th was New Year Day for the Yazidis. It was a joy to meet with some of them in Sarsink in the Dohuk District of Iraq on that day, to greet them with a “Jajna ta Piroz” Each family had a tray laden with several bowls filled with cookies, boiled eggs( with their shells colourfully painted), candies and fruits (and for good measure, a packet of cigarettes too!). They happily shared these, with some soft drinks, to those who visited them. It was a similar experience the next day at Sharya-Khadima.
New Year Day for most people is a day of celebration. Unfortunately, it is not so for the Yazidis, who have been forcibly displaced from lands which they once called home. Many of them had to flee in August 2014 from towns like Sinjar (also known as Shingal) in the Nineveh Province of Iraq, to escape violence and persecution at the hands of the ISIS. It is believed that more than 5000 Yazidi men were massacred at that time. Many more were killed in the following months and more than 500,000 had to seek refuge in other places. Today an estimated more than 3000 Yazidi women and young girls are still being held in captivity by the ISIS and are being used as sexual slaves. What has happened to the Yazidis is today universally regarded as a genocide.
Even as one partakes of the goodies that have been set before us, one has to listen to the pain and suffering that they have gone through. The elder Yazidi tells us how he and several members had to hide in the mountains for several days, virtually without any food and had to face both starvation and dehydration. Their journey to safer areas was replete with difficulties. For more than two years now, they have had to live in makeshift tents or in some unfinished apartments with meagre facilities.
New Year Day for the Yazidis is known as ‘Chwarshama Soori’, (literally meaning ‘Red Wednesday’ in Kurdish). It marks the day that ‘Tawuse Melek’, the Peacock Angel who is God’s representative on earth, descended on the holy site of Lalish to bless the earth with fertility and renewal. On April 19th this year thousands of Yazidis gathered at the Temple in Lalish (the temple was apparently built about four thousand years old) near Mosul, in Northern Iraq to celebrate their New Year and to commemorate the arrival of light into the world. Since the ISIS was recently defeated in some parts of their traditional homelands, this New Year Day was the first major gathering in Lalish since 2014.
The Yazidis are a miniscule minority (approximately 700,000 worldwide) ethno-religious group mainly concentrated in northern Mesopotamia. They practise an ancient faith called ‘Yazidism’ which they claim is the world’s oldest religion. Their faith is linked to the Mesopotamian religions of old and combines aspects of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam; there are some similarities between Yazidi and Hindu symbols. The Yazidis have been persecuted for centuries because of their faith. Many Muslims regard them as heretical devil worshippers.
A UN Commission of Inquiry in June 2016, stated that ‘ISIS is committing genocide against the Yazidis’ elaborating that, “ISIS sought – and continues to seek – to destroy the Yazidis in multiple ways, as envisaged by the 1948 Genocide Convention. “ISIS has sought to erase the Yazidis through killings; sexual slavery, enslavement, torture and inhuman and degrading treatment and forcible transfer causing serious bodily and mental harm; the infliction of conditions of life that bring about a slow death; the imposition of measures to prevent Yazidi children from being born, including forced conversion of adults, the separation of Yazidi men and women, and mental trauma; and the transfer of Yazidi children from their own families and placing them with ISIS fighters, thereby cutting them off from beliefs and practices of their own religious community”.
In a New Year message to the Yazidi community Masoud Barzani the President of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) said the Yezidis are an “inseparable” part of the Kurdistan nation and they should no longer suffer persecution. “The Yezidi Kurds are a dear and inseparable segment of the Kurdistan nation. Their joys and plights are that of the Kurdistan nation. Throughout history, our Yezidi brothers and sisters have faced catastrophes due to their identity.” This certainly comes as solace to the Yazidis; though many are still upset and will not forget that the Kurdish Peshmerga military forces abandoned them in the wake of the advancing ISIL forces in 2014.
Nadia Murad, a young Yazidi woman, is today visible and vocal in the fight against the ISIS. When she was just about twenty years old, the ISIS abducted her together with her mother and siblings. Nadia was separated from her family, beaten and sexually assaulted. She managed to escape from the clutches of the ISIS and eventually found her way to Germany. Since the last couple of years despite her own trauma, she took up a global campaign to draw attention to the plight of Yazidis being held in sex slavery by the Islamic State or remaining displaced in Iraq.
Last October the Council of Europe awarded the Vaclav Havel Human Rights Prize Nadia. When accepting the prize Nadia said that she was exhausted by having to repeatedly speak out about what she has survived. Nevertheless, she also said she knew that other Yazidi women were being raped back home even as she spoke: “I will go back to my life when women in captivity go back to their lives, when my community has a place, when I see people accountable for their crimes.” Nadia’s painful story has captured widespread attention. Among the people who have come forward to champion her cause are former UN Secretary- General Ban Ki-moon and Amal Clooney, the celebrated British human rights lawyer, who now represents her, pro bono.
The Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) Iraq today works among thousands of displaced Yazidis in the Dohuk District. The services provided are many, which include classes in English, Computer Education and Sewing. JRS Teams visit the displaced Yazidis in several villages of the District. These family visits help in creating a bond in keeping with the JRS core value of ‘accompaniment’. Psychosocial support also plays an important role in helping individuals heal their psychological wounds, which eventually may help to rebuild social structures.
Some of the JRS staff of Dohuk like Salwa Khalo Lazgeen are Yazidis themselves. Salwa belongs to the home visit team of JRS in Sharya. She has been brought up in Sharya herself and has completed her studies in basic education. Salwa reaches out to the Yazidi families in her own inimitable way. The bonding is quick. The language is of the heart. Salwa says, “JRS has made a big difference in the lives of the displaced Yazidis. It has helped the host communities come closer to them”. Speaking about the tragedy, which has befallen her people, Salwa is emphatic, “I want this persecution to stop immediately. We too are human. We have the right to live our lives.”
It is another year for the Yazidis and like Salwa; they all look forward to a better one!
About Author: Fr Cedric Prakash sj is a human rights activist. He is currently based in Lebanon, engaged with the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) in the Middle East on advocacy and communications. This article was written whilst visiting the Yazidis in northern Iraq.